Value
As a result of mechanical action on the skull, there is a permanent or temporary compression of brain tissue, tension and displacement of their layers, and a sharp increase in pressure inside the skull. Tissue displacement can occur against the background of ruptures of brain tissue and blood vessels, brain contusion. As a rule, this causes severe changes of a dyscirculatory and biochemical nature.
Severity
The severity of the damage to health and the type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) determines the patient’s condition and the spread of structural and functional disorders to:
- cellular,
- subcellular,
- fabric
- and organ levels.
The changes that have occurred cause a disruption in the general regulation of the functions of the body as a whole.
When the brain is displaced and compressed, compression of the brain structures occurs, which worsens the condition, causing even greater disruption of blood flow, metabolism and brain functioning. An additional factor that has a significant negative impact is cerebral hypoxia, which can develop as a result of impaired respiratory function or blood circulation.
Consequences
The consequences of a traumatic brain injury may not necessarily occur immediately after the injury, but also in a more distant period.
Development of consequences
- acute (two to four weeks),
- intermediate (from two to six months),
- remote (up to two years) period.
Consequences of traumatic brain injuries
- arachnoiditis,
- epilepsy,
- brain atrophy,
- porencephaly,
- chronic hygroma,
- carotid-cavernous communication disorder,
- pneumocephalus,
- intracerebral foreign body,
- parkinsonism,
- meningeal scars,
- cerebrospinal fistula,
- hydrocephalus ,
- cranial nerve damage,
- chronic hematoma,
- pachymeningitis,
- arachnoencephalitis,
- ischemic injuries,
- cyst,
- mental dysfunctions,
- skull defects,
- autonomic dysfunctions,
as well as other forms, combinations of the listed options.
Complication
Possible craniocerebral complications include:
- Incendiary,
- post-traumatic,
- affects the soft tissues of the head,
- Post-traumatic granuloma,
- thrombosis of the sinuses and veins;
- necrosis affecting the bones of the skull and soft tissues,
- remote blood supply disruption.
Neurosurgeon Dmytruk V.S.
