Article content

Traumatic brain injury is
Classification of TBI
- Open injuries
- Closed injuries
Types of injuries
Combination
Symptoms

Traumatic brain injury is

Traumatic brain injury is damage to the bones of the skull or soft tissues, such as brain tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and meninges. There are two groups of traumatic brain injuries: open and closed.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common types of injuries and accounts for up to 50% of all types of injuries. In trauma statistics, brain injuries account for 25-30% of all injuries, and they account for the majority of deaths. Mortality from traumatic brain injury is 1% of total mortality.

Classification of TBI

Open injuries

In an open head injury, the following are damaged:

skin,
aponeurosis
and the bottom of the wound is bone or deeper tissues.

A penetrating injury is considered to be an injury in which the dura mater is damaged. A special case of penetrating injury is otolymphorrhea resulting from a fracture of the bones of the skull base.

Closed injuries

In a closed head injury, the aponeurosis is not damaged, although the skin may be damaged.

Types of injuries

All traumatic brain injuries are divided into:

Concussion . An injury that does not cause permanent brain damage. All symptoms that occur after a concussion usually disappear over time (within a few days). Persistent symptoms are a sign of more serious brain damage . The main criteria for the severity of a concussion are the duration (from a few seconds to hours) and the subsequent depth of loss of consciousness and amnesia. Non-specific symptoms: nausea, vomiting, pale skin, cardiac disorders.
Compression of the brain by a hematoma, foreign body, air, or focal point of impact.
Brain contusion: mild, moderate and severe.
Diffuse axonal injury.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Combination

bruise and compression by hematoma,
contusion and subarachnoid hemorrhage,
diffuse axonal injury and contusion,
Brain contusion with compression hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Symptoms

Symptoms of impaired consciousness

stunning, stupor, coma. Indicate the presence of a traumatic brain injury and its severity. Symptoms of cranial nerve damage indicate compression and contusion of the brain.

Symptoms of focal brain lesions

They indicate damage to a specific area of the brain, and occur when the brain is hit or compressed.

Trunk symptoms

is a sign of compression and contusion of the brain.

Meningeal symptoms (meningeal)

Their presence indicates the presence of a brain contusion or subarachnoid hemorrhage, and a few days after the injury may be a symptom of meningitis.

If you have any of the signs or symptoms mentioned in the article, we recommend that you make an appointment with a specialist.

Make an appointment with a doctor

Стаття написана: 22.01.2026

Стаття перевірена медичним спеціалістом: 23.01.2026

Автор статті: Леонтьєв Олексій

Усі напрямки категорії: Traumatic brain injuries

How to get treatment Traumatic brain injuries to a neurosurgeon in Ternopil?

If you need treatment from a neurosurgeon in Ternopil, you should follow these steps:

Contact your family doctor or specialist who can recommend a neurosurgeon in Ternopil.
Contact the nearest medical facility to receive a referral for a consultation with a neurosurgeon in Ternopil.
Make an appointment for a consultation with your chosen neurosurgeon in Ternopil. You can do this through the contact center of the medical institution, using the online appointment form on the hospital website, or directly contact the reception.
Prepare all necessary medical documentation, including test results, X-rays, and other tests. This will help the doctor better understand your condition and prescribe the necessary treatment.
During your consultation, your neurosurgeon will review your medical records, perform additional tests, and prescribe treatment based on your diagnosis. They will also give you advice on how to care for yourself during your treatment.

Where can you go Traumatic brain injuries in Ternopil?

In Ternopil, there are several options where you can get help:

1. Ternopil Regional Clinical Hospital:

It has a neurosurgery department where qualified specialists can diagnose and treat developmental abnormalities of the nervous system.
The head of the neurosurgery department is Oleksiy Oleksandrovych Leontiev, an experienced neurosurgeon who has successfully performed many operations to treat developmental anomalies.
Contact information:
- Address: Ternopil, 14 Trolleybusna St.
- Phone: (073) 486 18 85 .

2. Private medical institutions:

There are also several private medical institutions in Ternopil that offer services for the diagnosis and treatment of developmental anomalies.
It is recommended to read reviews about these institutions and compare their prices before making a final choice.

Importantly:

Before contacting any medical facility, it is recommended to consult with your family doctor.
You must have all necessary medical documents with you, such as an outpatient card, test results, and examinations.

The article was checked by a neurosurgeon of the highest category: LEONTIEV OLEKSII.

It is of general informational nature and does not replace specialist advice. For recommendations on diagnosis and treatment, a doctor’s consultation is required.

Address

14 Trolleybusna St., Ternopil

Phone

+38 067 301 33 03

Reception hours

Mon-Fri: 8:30 – 17:30

The importance of examination by a specialist

A neurosurgical examination is a significant procedure that helps identify various diseases of the brain and nervous system. Such procedures are a necessary step in determining the diagnosis and planning treatment.

A professional neurosurgeon is able to perform various types of examinations, such as MRI, CT, PET, and others, which allow obtaining detailed information about the structure and function of the brain. The examination may also include a neurological examination, cognitive function testing, and other methods of assessing the patient’s condition.

The importance of examination by a neurosurgeon is that it allows for timely detection of the disease and initiation of effective treatment. This determines not only the success of the patient’s recovery, but also the quality of his life in the future. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a qualified specialist and undergo all the necessary examinations.

Professional equipment for neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a highly complex branch of medicine concerned with the surgical treatment of diseases and injuries of the brain and spinal cord. These procedures require precision down to the millimeter, as any imprecise movement can lead to serious consequences, such as neurological impairment and even death of the patient.

Therefore, the neurosurgical drape must be very precise and tailored to the specific needs of this procedure, as it provides protection against contamination, infection and excessive pressure on the head during surgery. A professional drape system helps the neurosurgeon work more efficiently and provides maximum protection for both the patient and the surgical team working on the operation.

Popular destinations:

Advantages

When you consult a neurosurgeon, you can expect:

Skill in performing complex surgical operations on the brain and spinal cord, as well as on the nerves.
Caring for our patients, ensuring they have the most comfortable course of treatment.
Knowledge of the latest technologies and treatment methods, which are constantly being improved.
Neurosurgery gives a chance for a new life!